Toddlers and Anemia

By P. Banas

Anemia is a common blood disorder caused by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) and is characterized by lack of vitality. It is estimated that around 7 percent of children in the United States experience anemia once by the age of 18 years. The most common cause of anemia in toddlers is iron deficiency.

Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin, which is a protein that primarily transports oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body. Iron also aids different brain functions. Insufficient intake of iron leads to a shortfall in hemoglobin production, leading to poor mental functioning and a feeling of tiredness.

Symptoms

The symptoms of anemia in babies include the following:

• Paleness
• Irritability
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Rapid heart rate
• Swelling of the hands and feet
• Enlarged spleen
• Dark urine

Anemic children may also show symptoms of jaundice though several infants display symptoms of jaundice without being anemic.

Treatment

Owing to the number of possible causes of anemia, it is necessary to first identify the cause of anemia in your child. If you notice any signs of anemia, immediately consult your family physician. The diagnosis of the disease may include a blood test that measures the red blood cells in the body.

Depending on the cause, the possible treatment options may vary and include:

• Iron supplements (tablets, drops, and liquid)
• Iron-rich diet
• Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements

However, it is important to consult a doctor before you administer any medicine or supplement to your child.

For more severe forms of anemia, the treatment options may include:

• Blood transfusion
• Treatment of infection causing anemia
• Medications to maintain the level of red blood cells in the body

Tips for caring when your children have anemia

Fathers must keep in mind that the type, cause, and severity of their children's anemia will determine what kind of care is needed. Rest assured, though, that children often tolerate anemia much better than adults.

In general, a child with significant anemia may tire more easily than other children and therefore need to limit activity levels. Make sure that your kids' teachers and other caregivers are aware of the condition. If iron deficiency is the cause, follow the doctor's directions about dietary changes and taking any iron supplements.

If the spleen is enlarged, your children may be prohibited from playing contact sports because of the risk that the spleen could rupture or hemorrhage if your children are hurt. Certain forms of anemia, such as sickle cell anemia, require other more specific kinds of care and treatment.

Your baby needs to see the doctor on a regular basis. These visits are important for child health and child development.

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